课程：基于访问控制的ABAP CDS视图权限-iduyao

教程：基于访问控制的ABAP CDS视图权限

Hi!

对每一个CDS视图，我们都可以通过DCL（Data Control Language）定义访问控制。在这篇文章中，我会介绍ABAP CDS视图中非常重要的一面：权限管理。

本文的阐述基于我正在使用的S4/HANA 1610 on NW 7.51.

内容分为五个部分：

标准示例的访问控制。
基于PFCG权限创建一个简单的例子。
带有CUBE数据类别的CDS分析视图。
CDS分析查询视图的访问控制。
权限对象的并集（UNION）或者交集（INTERSECTION）。

本文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/hhelibeb/p/7427753.html

1. 标准示例的访问控制例子

1) 全访问示例（Full access）

DDL:

@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'DEMO_CDS_FULLACC'
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
define view demo_cds_auth_fullaccess
  as select from
    scarr
    {
      key carrid,
          carrname,
          currcode,
          url
    };

DCL:

@MappingRole: true
define role demo_cds_role_fullaccess {
  grant select on demo_cds_auth_fullaccess; }

2) 字面条件示例（Literal conditions）

DDL:

@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'DEMO_CDS_LITERAL'
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
define view demo_cds_auth_literal
 as select from
 scarr
 {
 key carrid,
 carrname,
 currcode,
 url
 };

DCL:

@MappingRole: true
define role demo_cds_role_literal {
  grant select on demo_cds_auth_literal
  where carrid = 'LH'; }

3) PFCG权限示例

DDL:

@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'DEMO_CDS_PFCG'
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
define view demo_cds_auth_pfcg
 as select from
 scarr
 {
 key carrid,
 carrname,
 currcode,
 url
 };

DCL:

@MappingRole: true
define role demo_cds_role_pfcg {
  grant select on demo_cds_auth_pfcg
  where (carrid) =
  aspect pfcg_auth (s_carrid, carrid, actvt='03'); }

权限对象s_carrid可以在事务代码SU21中的BC_C object类下查到。

4) 字面条件和PFCG权限结合示例

DDL:

@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'DEMO_CDS_LITPFCG'
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
define view demo_cds_auth_lit_pfcg
 as select from
 scarr
 {
 key carrid,
 carrname,
 currcode,
 url
 };

DCL:

@MappingRole: true
define role demo_cds_role_lit_pfcg {
  grant select on demo_cds_auth_lit_pfcg
  where (carrid) =
  aspect pfcg_auth (s_carrid, carrid, actvt='03') and
         currcode = 'EUR'; }

5) 继承权限示例

DDL:

@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'DEMO_CDS_INH'
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
define view demo_cds_auth_inherited
  as select from
    demo_cds_auth_lit_pfcg
    {
      key carrid,
          carrname,
          currcode,
          url
    };

DCL:

@MappingRole: true
define role demo_cds_role_inherited {
  grant select on demo_cds_auth_inherited
               inherit demo_cds_role_lit_pfcg or currcode = 'USD'; }

在这个例子会显示USD和EUR类型货币的记录。

6) 根据当前用户的权限控制示例

DDL:

@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'DEMO_CDS_USR'
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
define view demo_cds_auth_user
  as select from
    abdocmode
    {
      key uname,
      key langu,
          flag
    };

DCL:

@MappingRole: true
define role demo_cds_role_user { 
  grant select on demo_cds_auth_user
    where
      uname ?= aspect user; }

2. 基于PFCG权限创建一个简单的例子

复制以下代码，创建我们自己的CDS视图：

@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'ZDEMO_CDS_PFCG'
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
@EndUserText.label: 'Demo access pfcg'
define view Zdemo_Access_Pfcg as select from scarr
 {
 key carrid,
 carrname,
 currcode,
 url
 };

3，现在，如果在HANA Studio中打开数据预览，我们将可以看到所有记录。访问控制目前还不存在。

2，在SU21创建我们自己的自定义权限对象：

对于每个对象定义权限字段和活动字段，加入允许活动“03 显示”。在本示例中，我们要在ZS_CONNID中添加字段CARRID和CONNID。

3，为ZS_CARRID创建数据控制。

@MappingRole: true
define role zdemo_access_pfcg {
  grant select on Zdemo_Access_Pfcg
  where (carrid) =
  aspect pfcg_auth (zs_carrid, carrid, actvt='03'); }

4，在PFCG中创建一个新的角色，在这里添加刚刚创建的权限对象，定义用户应当看到的基于选择字段的数据。不要忘记生成配置。为我们的用户分配角色。

在第一个示例中，我们只使用ZS_CARRID。在文章的后面，我们会用到其它的对象。

5，回到HANA Studio来测试权限。打开我们的CDS视图的数据预览：

现在我们只看到了定义好的航空公司（CARRID）字段的记录。

注意：

如果在ABAP字典（SE11）中打开视图，结果会是全部数据记录。
如果在DDL中修改注解为如下内容，并激活CDS视图，我们将可以再次在数据预览中看到全部数据。这意味着检查已经关闭。

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_ALLOWED

结论：在一个从数据库表中查询数据的简单例子中，我们看到了访问控制是如何工作的。下面讲讲CDS分析视图。

3. 带有CUBE数据类别的CDS分析视图

1，通过复制已有的内容创建我们自己的CDS视图。这是一个带有CUBE数据分类的CDS视图（译注：代码框出了点问题，大家凑合看下..）：

@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'Z05_CFLIGHTAQ'                       // Name of the CDS database view in the ABAP Repository
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK              // CDS authorizations, controls the authorization check. In S4H410 not required
@EndUserText.label: 'Available Flights'                         // Translatable short text. Max 60characters. Text label is exposed to Analytica tools and the OData service
@VDM.viewType: #CONSUMPTION                                     // This is a CONSUMPTION view
@Analytics.query: true                                          // By tagging the CDS view as an analytical query it will be exposed to the analytic manager
@OData.publish: true                                            // Generates a suitable OData service, that will use the analytical query, when the CDS entity is activated
     
define view Z05_C_FlightByAirportQuery as select from Z05_I_FlightByAirport     // A analytical query CDS is implemented using a query select from CDS view Z00_I_FlightByAirport
                                                                                // Take care with OData publishing the max. lenght is 26 characters
{
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column Airline
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.Airline,                              // Use the column Airline
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column FlightConnection
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.FlightConnection,                     // Use the column FlightConnection
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column FlightDate
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.FlightDate,                           // Use the column FlightDate
    @Consumption.filter: {selectionType: #SINGLE, multipleSelections: false, mandatory: false }  // Creates a mandatory filter on the values in the field AirportFrom
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column AirportFrom
    @EndUserText.label: 'Departure Airport'                     // Add an human readable enduser label to make sure that we can differentiate between AirportFrom and AirportTo
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.AirportFrom,                          // Use the column AirportFrom
    @Consumption.filter: {selectionType: #SINGLE, multipleSelections: false, mandatory: false } //  Creates an optional filter on the values in the field AirportTo
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column AirportTo
    @EndUserText.label: 'Arrival Airport'                       // Add an human readable enduser label to make sure that we can differentiate between AirportFrom and AirportTo 
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.AirportTo,                            // Use the column AirportTo                             
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.Currency,                             // Use the column Currency  
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.AircraftType,                         // Use the column AircraftType
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #COLUMNS                      // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column FlightPrice
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.FlightPrice,                          // Use the column FlightPrice
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.MaximumNumberOfSeats,                 // Use the column MaximumNumberOfSeats
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.NumberOfOccupiedSeats,                // Use the column NumberOfOccupiedSeats
    @DefaultAggregation: #FORMULA                               // Important to know for formular placement is evaluation time. Inside the final query, the evaluation is done after the flightbyairport
                                                                // view aggragation, so it's not on a very detailed level or even row level, but at the aggragate level. This is important for avarages 
                                                                // as they cannot be evaluated at the detail level 
    @EndUserText.label: 'Available Seats'
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #COLUMNS                      // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column NumberOfAvailableSeats
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.MaximumNumberOfSeats - Z05_I_FlightByAirport.NumberOfOccupiedSeats as NumberOfAvailableSeats  // this is a formular (calculated column) 
}

2，在访问控制中进行定义：

@EndUserText.label: 'Role for Z05_I_FLIGHTBYAIRPORT'
@MappingRole: true
define role Z05_ROLE {
    grant select on Z05_I_FlightByAirport
    where ( Airline ) = 
    aspect pfcg_auth (  ZS_CARRID,
                        CARRID,
                        actvt = '03' );
    
}

3，在文章的第2部分，我们在权限对象中添加了ZS_CARRID。在HANA Studio的数据预览中检查结果。行数是530.

4，在事务代码RSRT中检查结果，行数也是530。结果相同。

5，在BO Analysis for Excel中检查结果。结果是相同的，对用户而言，只有选中的航空公司可以被访问。

注意：没有AF航空公司的业务数据，这是上面的屏幕未显示相关数据的原因。

4. CDS分析查询视图的访问控制。

1，在第3部分的CUBE CDS中创建一个分析查询视图。

@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'Z05_CFLIGHTAQ'                       // Name of the CDS database view in the ABAP Repository
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK              // CDS authorizations, controls the authorization check. In S4H410 not required
@EndUserText.label: 'Available Flights'                         // Translatable short text. Max 60characters. Text label is exposed to Analytica tools and the OData service
@VDM.viewType: #CONSUMPTION                                     // This is a CONSUMPTION view
@Analytics.query: true                                          // By tagging the CDS view as an analytical query it will be exposed to the analytic manager
@OData.publish: true                                            // Generates a suitable OData service, that will use the analytical query, when the CDS entity is activated
     
define view Z05_C_FlightByAirportQuery as select from Z05_I_FlightByAirport     // A analytical query CDS is implemented using a query select from CDS view Z00_I_FlightByAirport
                                                                                // Take care with OData publishing the max. lenght is 26 characters
{
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column Airline
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.Airline,                              // Use the column Airline
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column FlightConnection
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.FlightConnection,                     // Use the column FlightConnection
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column FlightDate
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.FlightDate,                           // Use the column FlightDate
    @Consumption.filter: {selectionType: #SINGLE, multipleSelections: false, mandatory: false }  // Creates a mandatory filter on the values in the field AirportFrom
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column AirportFrom
    @EndUserText.label: 'Departure Airport'                     // Add an human readable enduser label to make sure that we can differentiate between AirportFrom and AirportTo
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.AirportFrom,                          // Use the column AirportFrom
    @Consumption.filter: {selectionType: #SINGLE, multipleSelections: false, mandatory: false } //  Creates an optional filter on the values in the field AirportTo
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #ROWS                         // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column AirportTo
    @EndUserText.label: 'Arrival Airport'                       // Add an human readable enduser label to make sure that we can differentiate between AirportFrom and AirportTo 
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.AirportTo,                            // Use the column AirportTo                             
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.Currency,                             // Use the column Currency  
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.AircraftType,                         // Use the column AircraftType
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #COLUMNS                      // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column FlightPrice
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.FlightPrice,                          // Use the column FlightPrice
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.MaximumNumberOfSeats,                 // Use the column MaximumNumberOfSeats
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.NumberOfOccupiedSeats,                // Use the column NumberOfOccupiedSeats
    @DefaultAggregation: #FORMULA                               // Important to know for formular placement is evaluation time. Inside the final query, the evaluation is done after the flightbyairport
                                                                // view aggragation, so it's not on a very detailed level or even row level, but at the aggragate level. This is important for avarages 
                                                                // as they cannot be evaluated at the detail level 
    @EndUserText.label: 'Available Seats'
    @AnalyticsDetails.query.axis: #COLUMNS                      // Defines the default row/colums apperance for the column NumberOfAvailableSeats
    Z05_I_FlightByAirport.MaximumNumberOfSeats - Z05_I_FlightByAirport.NumberOfOccupiedSeats as NumberOfAvailableSeats  // this is a formular (calculated column) 
}

2，在HANA Studio中进行数据预览，行数还是4894。看起来CDS分析查询没有使用到Cube CDS视图权限，但是事实并非如此。你并不需要为分析查询CDS视图创建额外的访问控制。

3，在Excel中检查RSRT或者BO分析的结果。结果表明Cube CDS视图的权限在分析查询中起到了作用。

注意：在分析查询定义中不需要创建任何变量，就像我们在带有权限的BEx查询中那样。

4，修改Cube CDS视图，添加权限对象ZS_CONNID而非ZS_CARRID。

@EndUserText.label: 'Role for Z05_I_FLIGHTBYAIRPORT'
@MappingRole: true
define role Z05_ROLE {
    grant select on Z05_I_FlightByAirport
     where ( FlightConnection) = aspect pfcg_auth (  ZS_CONNID,
                                                     CONNID,
                                                     actvt = '03' );
    
}

分析查询结果变得严格了（在第2部分的第4步可以看到ZS_CONNID的定义）.

现在结果的行数是212.

5. 权限的并集（UNION）和交集（INTERSECTION）

1，通过“AND”取权限的交集。这里定义了一个新的权限“ZS_FLDAT”，它只包含3天的范围（2015.02.04 - 2015.02.06）。修改DCL，增加交集：

@EndUserText.label: 'Role for Z05_I_FLIGHTBYAIRPORT'
@MappingRole: true
define role Z05_ROLE {
    grant select on Z05_I_FlightByAirport
     where ( Airline) = 
            aspect pfcg_auth (  ZS_CARRID,
                                CARRID,
                                actvt = '03' ) AND
           (FlightDate ) = 
            aspect pfcg_auth (  ZS_FLDAT,
                                FLTDATE,
                                actvt = '03' );
    
}

2，通过“OR”取并集：

@EndUserText.label: 'Role for Z05_I_FLIGHTBYAIRPORT'
@MappingRole: true
define role Z05_ROLE {
    grant select on Z05_I_FlightByAirport
     where ( Airline) = 
            aspect pfcg_auth (  ZS_CARRID,
                                CARRID,
                                actvt = '03' ) OR
           ( FlightDate ) = 
            aspect pfcg_auth (  ZS_FLDAT,
                                FLTDATE,
                                actvt = '03' );
    
}

3，如果在一个权限对象中添加这两个字段，那结果就类似于交集：

@EndUserText.label: 'Role for Z05_I_FLIGHTBYAIRPORT'
@MappingRole: true
define role Z05_ROLE {
    grant select on Z05_I_FlightByAirport
     where ( Airline, FlightDate) = 
            aspect pfcg_auth (  ZS_NEW,
                                CARRID,
                                FLTDATE,
                                actvt = '03' );

注意：不要忘记在Cube CDS视图的层级定义权限，而非分析视图层级。如果你在分析查询层级定义了和第5部分相同的权限，那么：

在SAP HANA Studio的数据预览中，结果看起来是对的。
在RSRT, BO Analysis for Excel和其它使用了OLAP引擎的工具中，使用的是Cube CDS视图的权限（如有定义）。

注意：在HANA Studio的数据预览中，分析查询的结果会全部展示。为了纠正这点，可以给分析查询创建以下访问控制：

@MappingRole: true
define role Z05_ROLE_2 {
  grant select on Z05_C_FlightByAirportQuery 
               inherit Z05_ROLE; }

结论：你可以为CDS分析视图定义权限的交集或者并集。

本文结束，感谢关注！

英文原文：ABAP CDS views with Authorization based on Access Control

课程：基于访问控制的ABAP CDS视图权限

1. 标准示例的访问控制例子

1) 全访问示例（Full access）

2) 字面条件示例（Literal conditions）

3) PFCG权限示例

4) 字面条件和PFCG权限结合示例

5) 继承权限示例

6) 根据当前用户的权限控制示例

2. 基于PFCG权限创建一个简单的例子

3. 带有CUBE数据类别的CDS分析视图

4. CDS分析查询视图的访问控制。

5. 权限的并集（UNION）和交集（INTERSECTION）

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